Hate Speech: The Invisible Crime of the New Era
Hongyu Pan * Introduction For a long time, hate speech has often been seen as a cultural or moral problem. Its definitions were largely confined to symbolic or discursive levels. In the digital age, however, this view does not fully capture the harm it can cause. Hate speech shapes social groups and influences individual psychology. […]
Prevention as Policy: Why Governments Should Invest in Early Action
Hongyu Pan * Introduction For many years, governments have relied mainly on punishing crime after it happens, through heavier penalties, longer jail terms, and stricter enforcement. This “reactive” approach is straightforward, easy to implement, and produces immediate but often short-term results. But while it may look effective on the surface, it often fails to prevent […]